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Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease causes approximately 80–90% of dementia cases. It occurs when brain cells and their connections begin to degrade and deteriorate.
Symptoms include:
- Language difficulties
- Memory loss
- Increased confusion
- Disorientation
- Mood swings
- Decreased motivation
These symptoms intensify over time, with each stage requiring increasingly comprehensive care. The typical progression spans eight to ten years, although this varies from person to person.
Care strategies:
- Memory aids (sticky notes, digital reminders, daily routines)
- A safe, supportive living environment
- Regular social interactions
Vascular Dementia
Vascular dementia accounts for 10-20% of neurocognitive disorders and follows a distinctive progression that is often triggered by one or more strokes.
Symptoms include:
- Problem-solving challenges
- Slowed thinking
- Difficulty concentrating
- Mood fluctuations
These symptoms may stabilize and then worsen.
Care strategies:
- Preventing further cerebrovascular damage through a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and adherence to medical treatments
- Cognitive exercises
- A structured daily routine
Frontotemporal Dementia
Frontotemporal Dementia is caused by nerve cell loss in the brain’s frontal or temporal lobes. Symptoms can begin to surface between ages 45 and 65 and tend to progress more rapidly than other types of neurocognitive disorders.
Symptoms include:
- Changes in behavior and personality
- Emotional detachment
- Language difficulties
Care strategies:
- Consistent and structured behavioral management techniques
- Communication aids like picture boards or specialized apps
